War and Peace in Sudan

Sudan is the largest country in Africa in terms of land. Sudan is a complex country, with a population of nearly thirty million, inhabiting an area of about one million square miles. Sudan bordered nine countries as Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Congo, central Africa, Chad, and Libya. The River Nile Valley is the most noticeable phenomena which runs from the south to north. Cole Albert Porter said in Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations” You‘re the Nile, you‘re the tower of Pisa, you‘re the smile on the Mona Lisa. But if baby, I’m the bottom, you‘re the top”. Sudan’s size and diversity-both in land and in population- provide an extraordinary challenge to any government.
The conflict between the northern and southern Sudan has usually been misunderstood, because the historical roots of the conflict have been misrepresented. Two opposite explanation are frequently given for the continuing rift: 1) That the division between the North and South is based on centuries of exploitation and slave trade-raiding by the ‘Arab’ North against the ‘African’ South; or 2) That the Sudan was artificially split by imperialist meddling, since Sudanese Islam, being both ‘African’ and ‘Arab’, imposes no natural or historical division between the two region. According to country background, Sudan involves in many civil wars since independence, especially between north and south, plus the new wars for the time being in Darfur in western part of the country. By knowing the Sudan political background, we can tackle this conflict by addressing the issues of power sharing, wealth sharing, and national identity.

1. Power Sharing

A. Give the marginalized people of Sudan self-governance
B. Governance is handled by leader from each group who work jointly and cooperatively to make decision and resolve conflicts
C. Acknowledgement of the need to promote the welfare of the people and protect their human rights and fundamental freedoms
D. Pursuit of good governance, accountability, transparency, democracy, and the rule of law at all levels of government to achieve lasting peace.


2. Wealth Sharing

A. The wealth of Sudan shall be shared equitably so as to enable each level of government to discharge its legal and constitutional responsibilities and
duties.
B. The National Government shall also fulfill its obligation to provide transfers to the local Government.
C. The revenue sharing should reflect a commitment to devolution of power and decentralization of decision-making in regard to development, service delivery and governance.
D. The development of infrastructure, human resources, sustainable economic development and capacity to meet human needs shall be conducted within a framework of transparent and accountable government.


3. National Identity

A. Identity is seen as a function of how people identify themselves and are identified in racial, ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious terms
B. The identity question related to how such concepts determined or influence participation and distribution in political, economical, social, and cultural life of the country
C. Identity should be respected and promoted in terms of traditional, culture, history and language



The future of Sudan is significantly determined by solving the complexity of North-South conflict. That should addresses the cornerstone of animosity through transparency in handling the major issues of
1. Power Sharing
2. Wealth Sharing
3. National Identity